Liquid Crystal on Silicon (LCoS) Panel
硅晶微顯示屏幕

The imaging principle of LCoS is similar to Liquid Crystal Display (LCD), as they both rely on changing the on/off status of liquid crystal that is embedded between two plates to control the intensity value (brightness) of each pixel.

In contrast with general transmissive LCD, LCoS panel is reflective panel where light come from the light source is reflected from the panel and form the output image pattern. Using reflective approach could enhance brightness level of the output images. Moreover, using silicon as the base material of the panel allows circuit designers to employ fine circuit on the silicon for panel control. This favor manufacturing of high resolution micro-display panel. Nowadays, local manufacturer has already successfully produced the high-definition LCoS panel with resolution 1920x1280.

硅晶微顯示屏幕(LCoS: Liquid Crystal on Silicon)的顯影原理與液晶微顯示屏幕相近，同樣是透過電路開關改變密封在兩層基板中間的液晶分子狀況，從而控制畫面的明暗度。

不過跟一般以穿透式成像的液晶微顯示屏幕不同的是硅晶微顯示屏幕是以反射方式形成圖像。這樣可以提升光利率並增加亮度。硅晶微顯示屏幕另外一個優點是它以硅晶作為下基板的材料，因此能夠套用較細密的線路，這樣對於製造高解析度的屏幕十分有利。現時已經有本地製造商成功造出分辨率達到1920x1280的「高清」硅晶微顯示屏幕。

Illumination Module
照明模組

LCoS panel itself could not emit light, so it needs to rely on external light source.

The illumination module of the LCoS projection system consists of Ultra-High Pressure (UHP) mercury lamp, integrator rod and relay lenses. Its main function is to provide the required light source for the projection system. In order to collect and concentrate the multi-directional light rays emitted by UHP mercury lamp, one of the methods is to use integrator rod. By total internal reflection principle, light rays enter into integrator rod would be concentrated and led to the exiting surface of integrator rod. Due to the fact that the LCoS panel generally needs to be installed in color management module, which is not near the integrator rod, so we require to place a proper set of relay lenses in front of the exiting surface of the integrator rod. The function of relay lenses is to adjust the light path and transfers the light spot to the position where the LCoS panel located.

硅晶微顯示屏幕本身並不能發光，故需要依賴外來光源。

照明模組是由超高壓水銀燈、積分棒及中繼透鏡組成，其作用是提供整個硅晶投影系統所需要的光源。超高壓水銀燈是光線的來源，不過光線由超高壓水銀燈射出的時候是多方向的，為了收集和集中光線 ，其中一個方法是利用積分棒。透過全內反射(Total Internal Reflection)的原理積分棒可以集中和引導光線到積分棒的輸出面。因為硅晶微顯示屏幕一般會安裝不靠近積分棒的顔色管理模組之中，所以我們需要在積分棒的輸出面的前端放置中繼透鏡。中繼透鏡的作用是調整光線的路徑，使光點能傳送到符合硅晶微顯示屏幕需要光線的位置。

Color Management Module
顔色管理模組

Since LCoS panel is monochrome, it needs to work with a color management module in order to display color images. Three panels color management module has been implemented in current proposed projection system.

Color management module is composed of different prisms and filters. It splits the white light rays, which is transferred from relay lenses, into three primary light colors – Red, Green and Blue (RGB) and passes to corresponding LCoS panels. Each LCoS panel would only display the image pattern that is corresponding to the input light color. Individual primary light rays reflected by three different panels would be finally recombined by the color management module and the final color image is formed.

因為硅晶微顯示屏幕本身沒有顯示色彩的能力，故硅晶光機需要配合顔色管理模組產生彩色影像。本硅晶投影系統是彩用三屏幕顔色管理系統。

顔色管理系統是由不同的稜鏡及濾鏡組成。顔色管理系統會先將由中繼透鏡輸入的白光分開成紅、綠、藍光。每一種顔色的光線會分別導向獨立的硅晶微顯示屏幕，言而每一個硅晶微顯示屏幕只會顯示對應顏色的影像。三種不同顔色的光線透過硅晶微顯示屏幕的反射會被顔色管理系統重新組合並形成最後輸出彩色圖像。

Projection Module
投影透鏡模塊

Depending on the requirement of the projection distance and the size of final projected image, the main function of the projecLiquid Crystal on Silicon (LCoS) Paneltion module is to enlarge and project the required final sharp and clear colorful image, which is transferred from color management module, to the screen.

To reduce the production cost, current proposed projection system has employed a hybrid projection module that both plastic and glass lenses are used inside the module.

根據最終影像大小及投影距離要求，投影透鏡模組的作用是將經由顔色管理模塊輸入的影像放大並投影到屏幕上形成色彩鮮豔且清晰的圖像。

另外為降低生產成本，本系統所採取的投影透鏡模組是以玻璃與塑膠混合組成。

Conclusion
總結

By organizing seminars and workshops, Hong Kong Photographic and Optics Manufacturers Association and Hong Kong Productivity Council would disseminate those experience and know-how gained from this project to local manufactures. The main purpose is to enhance the capability of local manufactures for supporting the production of digital entertainment products, production of critical components of LCoS projection system and increase their competitiveness.

是次項目的成果與經驗，香港攝影及光學製造業協會與香港生產力促進局將會以不同途徑，例如講座、工作坊對外宣傳。目的是希望提升本地光學製造業對高增值數碼產品技術支援的能力，讓本地業界能支援硅晶系統關鍵性部件的製作與生產，提升競爭力。